POWER AMPLIEIERS

POWER AMPLIFIERS

Audio amplifiers operate either in a BTL (bridged) or single-ended (“normal”) configuration. In the single-ended setup, the output lead goes to the “hot” or “+” side of the load (speaker or speaker box since we are talking audio) and the “-” or “negative” side of the load is tied to a common ground shared with the amplifier. In the BTL configuration, one amp is connected to the “+” side of the speaker (load) and a second amp is connected to the “-” side of the load. For this to work, the output signal from the second amplifier must be a “mirror image” (identical in every respect, but 180 degrees out of phase) of the output from the first amp. The BTL configuration is most often seen in low-voltage, battery-powered applications (like cell phones or “walkman” type personal tape or cd players etc) or in automotive applications over about 10 watts per channel.

In the BTL configuration, each amp drives half the load impedance. With the signals being out of phase, the voltage swing across the load appears to be doubled, and with each amp driving half the impedance the current is doubled. In theory the bridged pair will produce 4 times the power into the load that either amp acting alone could provide. In reality it seldom works that well.

This is an power amplifier circuit of a BTL system, which comprises a first op-amp chip which outputs an output signal having a same phase as an input signal input to a signal input terminal, a second operational amplifier which outputs an output signal having an opposite phase to the input signal, a voltage divider which generates a midpoint voltage of the input signal, a first resistor connected between an output terminal and a negative phase input terminal of the first operational amplifier, second and third resistors connected in series between the negative phase input terminals of the first and second operational amplifiers, a fourth resistor connected between an output terminal and the negative phase input terminal of the second operational amplifier, and an impedance converter connected between a midpoint voltage node of the voltage divider and a series-connection node of the second and third resistors. (end of abstract)

Gambar Rangkaian Power Amplifier BTL

List Componet:
R1, R2,R3, R4, R6………………… 10kOhm.
R3……………………………………… 20kOhm.
C1, C2, C3, C4……………………… 10µF.
Catu daya (VCC) ±12 V.

STK 4192 Power Amplifier Circuit Features

STK 4192 Power Amplifier Circuit Features

• The STK4102II series (STK4192II) and STK4101V series (high-grade type) are pin-compatible in the output
• range of 6W to 50W and enable easy design. Small-sized package whose pin assignment is the same
• as that of the STK4101II series
• Built-in muting circuit to cut off various kinds of pop noise
• Greatly reduced heat sink due to substrate temperature 125°C guaranteed
• Excellent cost performance

Layout STK 4192 Power Amplifier

Skema Rangkaian STK 4192 Power Amplifier 50 Watt Stereo

Component ListR1___________ 56K? 1/4W Resistor
R2___________ 56K? 1/4W Resistor
R3___________ 1K? 1/4W Resistor
R4___________ 1K? 1/4W Resistor
R5___________ 560? 1/4W Resistor
R6___________ 560? 1/4W Resistor
R7___________ 100? 1/4W Resistor
R8___________ 100? 1/4W Resistor
R9___________ 56K? 1/4W Resistor
R10__________56K? 1/4W Resistor
R11__________3.3K? 1/4W Resistor
R12__________3.3K? 1/4W Resistor
R13__________3.3K? 1/2W Resistor
R14__________3.3K? 1/2W Resistor
R15__________4.7? 1/4W Resistor
R16__________4.7? 1/4W Resistor
R17__________1K? 1/2W Resistor
R18__________1K? 1/4W Resistor C1___________ 400pF Polyester Capacitor
C2___________ 400pF Polyester Capacitor
C3___________ 2.2µF Polyester Capacitor
C4___________ 2.2µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C5___________ 100µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C6___________ 100µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C7___________ 0.1µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C8___________ 0.1µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C9___________ 10µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C10___________ 10µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C11___________ 47µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C12___________ 47µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C13___________ 100µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
C14___________ 10µF 50V Electrolytic Capacitor
IC___________ STK4192II Integrated STK Power Amplifier series

power sapply recommend for the STK 4192

Tips that bass sound more felt
according to experience, you have to do a little experiment for you to get the best bass sound, stalwart, gigantic. To get the best bass sound between the subwoofer and the room you, then you should get a ‘pass that point. the following manner:

1. Place the subwoofer on your location on our seat. (sub Woofer do not be put on the table / cupboard you high more than 1 / 2 meter)
2. Turn the sub Woofer and you do not forget to disconnect the speaker Amplifier.
3. Play a song you like, which have gained a good frequency bass
4. Then try running memutari room, see the characters that appear bass.
5. You will hear some of the bass sound quality improvements in some corner of the room. This happens due to the interaction between low-frequency space and you. Nah corners you can select as a “node” or the point pas you need to immediately place your subwoofer in a corner of it.

500Watt Power Amplifier

There are some important updates to this project, as shown below. Recent testing has shown that with the new ON Semi transistors it is possible to obtain a lot more power than previously. The original design was very conservative, and was initially intended to use 2SA1492 and 2SC3856 transistors (rated at 130W) – with 200W (or 230W) devices, some of the original comments and warnings have been amended to suit.

Skema Rangkaian 500Watt
 Power Amplifier

Note:

• This amplifier is not trivial, despite its small size and apparent simplicity. The total DC is over 110V (or as much as 140V DC!), and can kill you.
• The power dissipated is such that great care is needed with transistor mounting.
• The single board P68 is capable of full power duty into 4 Ohm loads, but only at the lower supply voltage.
• For operation at the higher supply voltage, you must use the dual board version.
• There is NO SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION. The amp is designed to be used within a subwoofer or other speaker enclosure, so this has not been included. A short on the output will destroy the amplifier.

Please note that the specification for this amp has been upgraded, and it is now recommended for continuous high power into 4 Ohms, but You will need to go to extremes with the heatsink (fan cooling is highly recommended). It was originally intended for “light” intermittent duty, suitable for an equalised subwoofer system (for example using the ELF principle – see the Project Page for the info on this circuit). Where continuous high power is required, another 4 output transistors are recommended, wired in the same way as Q9, Q10, Q11 and Q12, and using 0.33 ohm emitter resistors.
Continuous power into 8 ohms is typically over 150W (250W for ±70V supplies), and it can be used without additional transistors at full power into an 8 ohm load all day, every day. The additional transistors are only needed if you want to do the same thing into 4 ohms at maximum supply voltage! Do not even think about using supplies over ±70V, and don’t bother asking me if it is ok – it isn.

1000Watt Power Amplifier

This is a circuit of 1000watt power amplifier. This time I don’t have a picture to the circuit board, but because the amplifier circuit is quite simple, you can design it yourself PCB easily or you can order it at the store PCB audio kit in the center of electronic singosaren oriental, solo.

Skema Rangkaian Sanken 1000 watt

The assemble cables for DC power supply and output transistors must be large, use size 1.5-3mm for large current passed. The supply used transformer with 20A/45Ct and at least 4×10000uf/80 volt capasitor. this circuit is able to supply power 10000watt therefore the power transistor will be very hot, give good cooling fan on the power transisitor

Transitor alternative to replacement of the 2SA1494 is 2SA1216 From SANKEN. The transistor has a 200-350 watt power dissipation of each pair so that for long-term operation of more durable. Keep in mind, usually sold a pair of power transistors with its complement, so you can not buy 2SC2922 alone without 2SA1216 or 2SA1494 without 2SC3858. The price range for transitor tsb is 30-40 thousand Rupiah / pair.

Power Amplifier MJ15003 -MJ15004

When I began the design of this amp, my goal was to make a product better suited for the reproduction of complex music and voice. Although I emphasize the high electrical properties, the most important requirement is to create a superior sound, vivid images and superb spatial aural clarity.Although the average level of listening is usually less than 10 watts, my design concept was to an amplifier with plenty of reserves, but the deviation is for Class A, at the height of the audience of cross-over distortion at a very low level. There is no place in the pathway, enhances the precision of the tonal characteristics of instruments and voices clearly. This Amplifier is virtually zero phase distortion over the audio range resolution is perfect and completely color the sound.

Skema Rangkaian Power Amplifier MJ15003 -MJ15004

Amplifier Specification:
Maximum Output: 240 watts rms into 8 Ohms, 380 watts rms into 4 Ohms
Audio Frequency Linearity: 20 Hz – 20 kHz (+0, -0.2 dB)
Closed Loop Gain: 32 dB
Hum and Noise: -90 dB (input short circuit)
Output Offset Voltage: >13 mV (input short circuit)
Phase Linearity: > 13 0 (10 Hz – 20 kHz)
Harmonic Distortion: > 0.007% at rated power
IM Distortion: > .009% at maximum power

 

2000Watt Power Amplifier

Thursday, April 8th, 2010

This power amplifier circuit provides up to 2000Watt, it has to be said that this amplifier will blow up any speaker connected to it. I recommend this as a ‘thought experiment’, rather than actually doing it!. 110V RMS into 8 ohms is 1500 W. How long would you expect the speaker to last? Most will be toast within perhaps 30 seconds or less!

Skema rangkian power amplifier sound system 2000 watt

The transistor Q5 (the bias servo transistor) is mounted on the heatsink, in excellent thermal contact. This is because, unlike most of my other designs, this amp uses conventional Darlington output configuration. It is necessary to use a Darlington arrangement (or a low power Darlington transistor as shown) for Q5 to ensure that the bias remains at a safe value with temperature. There is probably good cause to model and test this aspect of the design very carefully, because it is so important. The arrangement as shown will reduce quiescent current at elevated temperatures. For example, if total Iq at 24°C is 165mA, this will fall to ~40mA at 70°C. This is probably fine, because there is some delay between the a power ’surge’ and the output transistors transferring their heat to the bias servo via the heatsink.

The power supply needed for an amp of this size is massive. Grown welding machines will look at it and cry. For intermittent operation, you need a minimum of a 1000VA transformer (or 1500VA for the 2000W version), and it will have to be custom made because of the voltages used. If you expect to run the amp at continuous high power, then transformers should be 2kVA and 3000VA respectively. Filter capacitors will pose a problem – because you need caps rated for 150V, these will be hard to find. Because high voltage high value caps can be difficult to find, it may be necessary to use two electros in series for each capacitor location. This is the arrangement shown. You must include the resistors in parallel – these equalise the voltage across each capacitor so that they have the same voltage. Remember to verify the ripple current rating! This can be expected to be over 10A, and under-rated capacitors will blow up.

Skema Rangkian Power Supplay 2000 VA

WARNING
This project describes an amplifier, power supply and tests procedures that are all inherently dangerous. Nothing described in this article should even be considered unless you are fully experienced, know exactly what you are doing, and are willing to take full 100% responsibility for what you do. There are aspects of the design that may require analysis, fault-finding and/or modification

Rangkaian 100 watt sub woofer

This is the circuit of subwoofer amplifier. This amplifier can produce an output of 100Watt. There are seven transistors including four in the output stage. The transistors Q1 and Q2 form the preamplifier stage. Transistors Q4 to Q7 form the output stage. Since no ICs are used the circuit is very robust and can be easily assembled on a general purpose PCB.

Skema rangkaian 100 watt sub-woofer amplifier

Note:
Use powered a +35V/-35V, 5A dual power supply.
All electrolytic capacitors must be rated 100V.
The transistor Q4 to Q7 must be fitted with heat sinks.
Transistor 2N3773 and 2N6609
Transistor 2N3773 (NPN) and (PNP) 2N6609 are PowerBase_ power transistors designed for high power audio, disk head positioners and other linear applications. These devices can also be used in power switching circuits such as relay or solenoid drivers, DC?DC converters or inverters.

Features Transistor 2N3773
Pb?Free Packages are Available
High Safe Operating Area (100% Tested) 150 W @ 100 V
Completely Characterized for Linear Operation
High DC Current Gain and Low Saturation Voltage
hFE = 15 (Min) @ 8.0 A, 4.0 V
VCE(sat) = 1.4 V (Max) @ IC = 8.0 A, IB = 0.8 A
For Low Distortion Complementary Designs
MAXIMUM RATINGS Transistor 2N3773
Collector ? Emitter Voltage: 140 Vdc
Collector ? Emitter Voltage: 160 Vdc
Collector ? Base Voltage:160 Vdc
Emitter ? Base Voltage: 7 Vdc
Collector Current Continuous: 16 Adc
Base Current Continuous 15 Adc
Total Power Dissipation : 150 Watt.

Amplifier 300 Watt

Jul 2003 OnSemi released a new range of transistors, designed specifically for audio applications. These new transistors have been tested in the P68, and give excellent results. As a result, all previous recommendations for output transistors are superseded, and the new transistors should be used.

The transistors are MJL4281A (NPN) and MJL4302A (PNP), and feature high bandwidth, excellent safe operating area, high linearity and high gain. Driver transistors are MJE15034 (NPN) and MJE15035 (PNP). All devices are rated at 350V, with the power transistors having a 230W dissipation and the drivers are 50W.

Skema rangkaian amplif 300 watt

Note:

• The total DC is over 110V and can kill you.
• The power dissipated is such that great care is needed with transistor mounting..
• The amplifier circuit is NO SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION. The amp is designed to be used within a subwoofer or other speaker enclosure, so this has not been included. A short on the output will destroy the amplifier.
• Transistor MJL4281A and MJL4302A are new most constructors will find that these are not as easy to get as they should be. The alternatives are MJL3281/ MJL1302 or MJL21193/ MJL21194.

All three driver transistors (Q4, 5 & 6)must be on a heatsink, and D2 and D3 should be in good thermal contact with the driver heatsink. Neglect to do this and the result will be thermal runaway, and the amp will fail. For some reason, the last statement seems to cause some people confusion – look at the photo below, and you will see the small heatsink, 3 driver transistors, and a white “blob” (just to the left of the electrolytic capacitor), which is the two diodes pressed against the heatsink with thermal grease.

150 Watt OCL Power Amplifier

If you are fanatical about the use of transistors jengkol 2N3055 and MJ2955 then this circuit is the answer. This OCL power amplifier circuit deliver a blasting 150 watt to a 4 Ohm speaker. The amplifier circuit is very cheapest and can be powered from 24 to 32 V/5A dual power supply. You must try this circuit. Its working great. Because Transisitor on the final amplifier will be very hot then add the aluminum finned cooler and the fan so that the transistor is not too high temperatures

Skema Rangkaian 150 Watt OCL 

• Use a well regulated and filtered power supply.
• Connect a 50K POT in series with the input as volume control if you need.Not shown in circuit diagram

The transistor 2N3055 NPN and MJ2955 PNP are a silicon Epitaxial-Base Planar transistor mounted in Jedec TO-3 metal case. It is intended for power switching circuits, series and shunt regulators, output stages and high fidelity amplifiers.

maximum rating Transistor 2N3055 NPN and MJ2955 PNP

• Collector-Base Voltage : 100 V
• Collector-Emitter Voltage: 70 V
• Collector-Emitter Voltage: 60 V
• VEBO Emitter-Base Voltage: 7 V
• IC Collector Current: 15 A
• IB Base Current: 7 A
• Total Dissipation: 115 W
• Storage Temperature: -65 to 200 oC
• Tj Max. Operating Junction Temperature 200 oC

LM386 0,325W Audio Amplifier

LM386 0,325W Audio Amplifier The LM386 is a power amplifier designed for use in low voltage consumer applications. The gain is internally set to 20 to keep external part count low, but the addition of an external resistor and capacitor between pins 1 and 8 will increase the gain to any value from 20 to 200. The inputs are ground referenced while the output automatically biases to one-half the supply voltage. The quiescent power drain is only 24 milliwatts when operating from a 6 volt supply, making the LM386 ideal for battery operation. Features n Battery operation n Minimum external parts n Wide supply voltage range: 4V–12V or 5V–18V n Low quiescent current drain: 4mA n Voltage gains from 20 to 200 n Ground referenced input n Self-centering output quiescent voltage n Low distortion: 0.2% (AV = 20, VS = 6V, RL = 8W, PO = 125mW, f = 1kHz) n Available in 8 pin MSOP package